Advantages and Disadvantages of Eating at Fast-Food Restaurants Essay

Life is moving at a very fast pace in today’s world. Everyone is striving hard to compete with others and get to the top because of which a rat-race is going on all the time. Adults are busy with their careers and children with their academics because of which people rarely have time for one’s self let alone others. In spite of all this busy schedule, everyone still need to consume food in order to survive and since people don’t have time to cook so they just grab a quick lunch or dinner from fast-food restaurants which are now almost everywhere in town. Cause). It does not take long to make fast food and it is quick and hassle free to eat as the name suggests ‘fast food’, hence we can see that because of these factors the consumption of fast food is on the rise in today’s fast-paced world. If one is hungry and in a hurry, one can quickly grab a burger or a pizza and can eat it easily unlike the desi foods for which one need to be properly seated on a table to accommodate for its side-lines and so that the gravy doesn’t spill. Fast food like pizza and burger are delicious, kids love them, the adults find them the most appropriate kind of food when they are running on a tight schedule, all in all fast food does seem as the best food option available, but sadly it is not. Fast food may be considered very delicious and hassle-free but it comes with its own negative effects. Fast food is known to be the unhealthiest kind of food as it leads to many health related problems like obesity, diabetics and other heart related problems. The growing problem of obesity of kids and adults in the west is due to fast food only, as because of their tight schedule people there mostly consume fast foods because of which they fall prey to such health related problems. As fast food is usually very oily with a lot of cheese and when these things are consumed on a daily basis it deteriorates the health of a person. Hence, it is best for us if we consume fast food just to a certain limit instead of all the time, as everything has its own disadvantages in addition to its advantages.

Mass Spec Explanation in HTML

Mass spectrometry can help determine the molecular formula and weight of a compound as well as provide isotope abundance data. Within a magnetic field the angle of deflection of charged particles is used to discover the relative masses of molecular fragments and ions. Several peaks are due to the contribution of Isotopes. An Isotope refers to an atom having the same atomic number but a deferent number of neutrons, subtracting or adding mass. The mass spectrum of methyl chloride has a base peak at m/z=49 consisting of the most abundant Ion at 100% abundance.It also has a molecular ion peak at m/z=84 consisting of the molecular weight of methyl chloride at 80% abundance. By subtracting the base peak from the molecular Ion peak, It can be determined that the resulting 35 corresponds to CLC. The difference of other molecular fragments can be looked at to verify chlorine's presence such as and corresponding to the CLC Isotope. The [M*2] rule also Identifies the CLC Isotope when looking at m/z=84, 86 and 86, 88. Each urn/z peak can represent a variety of different molecular mass fragments.The peaks arm=86 and 88 only have and abundance respectively, since both peaks are the results of isotopes. The CLC isotope has a 24% abundance naturally and ICC has a 1% abundance naturally. These low abundance percentages contribute to the smaller intensities of the m/z=86 and 88 peaks. While m/z=86 can be found with only one isotope of CLC, m/z=88 must contain at least two CLC isotopes making the intensity of its peak even less. Mass spectroscopy may identify a compound's fragments and isotopes, but it also determines the purities of products.

American folk Essay Example For Students

American folk Essay The dancer is a man wearing leather boots, loose fitting red silk pants, and a white shirt with colored embroidering down the middle. His hair is shaved to the scalp except for a small circle on the top of his head, where the hair is about half a foot long. He squats down low, and kicks his feet out with his body upright and his arms folded. The dance has a historic meaning behind it, dating back to when Russia took over Ukraine. A group of organized rebels known as the Cossacks, who hoped to end Russian Rule, isolated themselves in a fort in the Carpathian Mountains. The dancer symbolizes a triumphant Cossack warrior. During festivals and other celebrations, the Hopak was a common dance. This dance is still taught to Ukrainian Americans today, starting at age seven. At Ukrainian debutante balls, the men who know the dance do it during a specific song, which is played at every ball. There are also professional dance groups who perform the Hopak around the United States and Canada. The dancers today still wear the traditional clothing, but the hairstyle has become much less common. Many Ukrainians forget the dance with time, but those who remember it take great pride in their ability and perform the dance at nearly every ball and celebration they attend. This dance exists as a representation of Ukraines history, in particular the conflict with Russia. However, in the past, it served an entirely different function. The Hopak originates from the Kozac, which is an older Ukrainian dance. The Kozac is named after the Cossacks, who performed it, and its essentially the workout they performed to warm up for battle. The movements were part of a regime of calisthenics to keep the Cossacks fit for battles. The refined Hopak is similar, but with more difficult dance maneuvers, such as leaping and twirling. To Ukrainians, the Hopak represents the Cossacks, who gave their lives to protect Ukrainian culture as Russia outlawed the Ukrainian language and Ukrainian books. The Hopak exists today to remind Ukrainians of their heritage and to serve as a source of nationalism. Ukrainian debutante balls have many similarities to American debutante balls, but the differences are important.

College Admission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

College Admission - Essay Example So at the ripe age of six, I began with what would become a life-long pursuit of trying to be the best soccer player I could be. I tried my luck at baseball one year but found it too unexciting and dry. I also tried a year of football in order to meet my father’s wish for me to become as good a football player as he was, but it just was not meant to be. Soccer, it was! And I remember the awkwardness of stumbling onto the field as a young child. But I persevered and showed up for every practice determined to be the best player I could be. My parents have been super supportive of my soccer career and have taken me to those ungodly 8 am games to sometimes traveling hours to play in a tournament. One can say we made it a family affair. After many years of playing for our local recreational league I decided to try out for my high school soccer team. I was pretty confident knowing I would make a great addition to the team. After all I have been playing soccer longer than most of my team mates trying out. However what I did not count on was my lack of preparation. I had spent most of summer that year at home playing a lot of video games and hanging out with friends while my friends were preparing for soccer tryouts. My Dad strongly encouraged me to join the cross country team so I would be conditioned and get in shape for tryouts but I ignored his advice. So there I was again, staring at the list. How could this have happened? In the words of Abraham Lincoln, â€Å"My great concern is not whether you have failed, but whether you are content with your failure†. I can assure you that I was not content with my failure that day. Success for me is defined as preparation, commitment and motivation to achieve my goals. I hope to apply this valuable lesson to my college experience. I know there will be successes as well as a few failures but as long as I remember that there is always something to be learned by both. May be I will not

In House Payroll or Outsourcing Payroll Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

In House Payroll or Outsourcing Payroll - Essay Example The identifying of two alternatives for pay roll administering was done and the recommendations for picking up one were done according to the needs of the management of NB enterprises. Recommendations were made keeping in view the size of the NB enterprises. The requirements for the option chosen were also mentioned with time bound plan to execute the decision taken. What is Pay roll: Payroll can be termed as a list of employees who receive regular pay from the organization. It is a system through which the employees of an organization are paid. The salary structure, schedules of tax, benefits, allowances, pay frequency and pay dates are the internal parts of the payroll structure If the system is computerized it can be understood as the process that was used by a company to process and pay the salaries of the workers and employees. 1 Identification of two alternatives for maintaining the pay rolls: The pay roll administration can be done in two different ways. First one is to have a payroll Unit in the company which administers over the payments of the employees and prepares the lists regarding the pays and advances. The other method is to outsource all the activities regarding the payments and advances of the employees to company which offers computerised pay roll administration. The outsourcing company renders the needed services as a final output, which depends on the information supplied by the company. According to Vanessa Robinson1 a resourcing adviser, the outsourcing of Pay rolls will give more time to HR personnel to concentrate more on the strategic roles that increase or enhance the performance of the organisation. Some of the advantages are listed as follows: 1. It may reduce costs, but the cost benefit must be analysed by cost effectiveness of other processes. 2. There is a chance to outsource the work to a company having higher expertise in the field of pay roll work. 3. The values of HR can be increased by decreasing the burden of pay roll from the department. The HR department can concentrate more on policy and decision making. 4. The rapid growth in organisation is capable of leaving HR department in a freezing position. This situation can be avoided by outsourcing the pay roll to a payroll bureau. The precautions that should be followed and the disadvantages in outsourcing the pay roll work. 1. The need of outsourcing must be identified accurately. The functions that are suitable for outsourcing differ from company to company. 2. The foremost thing is estimating the cost effectiveness of the outsourcing. If it is not cost effective, it is better to rethink about it. 3. Along with pay roll, some other services like tax effectiveness also must be outsourced in case of outsourcing of pay roll. 4. The level up to which the service has to be outsourced must be estimated accurately. 5. The information supplied to the company to which we outsource the work must be accurate to ensure that the output will be correct. 6. The cost of the service and the time for the services are offered for that price should also be mentioned in the pact. 7. The time allotted to the outsourcing process should be significant to avoid the negligence of staff/manager relationships. Disadvantages of outsourcing the pay roll The details of expenditure on salary and tax encumbrances will be revealed to others. The policy decisions that are taken to avoid tax restrictions on pay rolls must be conveyed to the company. Though the process

Managerial Accounting Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managerial Accounting Practices - Essay Example Claire’s Antiques may have to sell its products at a discount or even at a loss to liquidate its inventory. To reduce inventory costs, management is considering implementing a "Just In Time" inventory management system. If this JIT inventory strategy gets implemented then Claire’s Antiques would see a good improvement on the return on investment as there would be a reduction in the in-process inventory and its associated costs. It is essential to implement it correctly and utilize it optimally because if there is any disruption at any given point in the supply chain, then all production grinds to a halt. The internal specifications presented in this report are sufficiently logical and enable good economic decision making. For example, specific reporting periods may be replaced with access to real-time data that enable quick response to changing conditions. And, forecasted outcomes become much more critical for planning purposes. Likewise, cost information should be disseminated in such a way that we can focus on different manufacturing processes such as design, material acquisition, assembly, testing and so on. -> Cost/Volume/Profit Analysis: Claire’s Antiques deals with multiple products, and thus offers a diverse product line, and the individual products have different selling prices, contribution margins and contribution margin ratios. As such in Claire’s Antiques case, the bedroom suites have a higher profit margin when compared to other products, but at the same time it also has a lower sales volume. ... contribution margins and contribution margin ratios. As such in Claire's Antiques case, the bedroom suites have a higher profit margin when compared to other products, but at the same time it also has a lower sales volume. Yet the firm's total fixed cost picture would be the same, no matter the mix of products sold. There are few assumptions which could be considered here : Costs can be segregated into fixed and variable portions The linearity of costs is preserved over a relevant range (i.e., variable cost is constant per unit, and fixed cost is constant in total) Revenues are constant per unit and multiple-product firms meet the expected product mix ratios One additional assumption is that inventory levels are fairly constant, with the number of units produced equaling the number of units sold. If inventory levels fluctuate, some of the variable and fixed product costs may flow into or out of inventory, with a variety of potential impacts on profitability -> Job Costing: Determining the cost data for products and services are the end results of productive processes. Multiple processes are required to bring about a deliverable output. A logical starting point for job costing is to track the direct labor to specific jobs. It is required to capture the time spent on each job by each employee on a tracker .This would allow cost assignment to specific jobs. The next important thing would be to keep a detailed record of the materials released to each job. As such, in the case of manufacturing a clock, the materials used is solid oak wood, glass door, clock mechanism and pendulum. The information gathered provides essential documentation to safeguard and track

Stateless nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stateless nation - Essay Example In essence, the Catalonia community has a similar surface area and population as Switzerland. The nation’s history is ancient with Phoenicians, Romans, and Greeks all leaving a mark on the community. The nation was united with Castile in the 15th century through marriage of the two communities’ royal families, although the union resulted in a confederate state that had different languages, laws, and parliaments. The Catalonia community has been involved in various wars over the centuries, losing the Harvester War in 1640, which forced it to give up part of its northern territory to France, as well as the 18th century’s Spanish Succession War that they lost and lost their institutions and right to use their language in official channels (Payne 29). The state structure of Catalonia was ended, and assimilation with Spain began until the 20th century. However, their national conscience was re-awakened in the early 20th century as Europe found itself in a wave of nati onalism (Payne 30). While it started as a movement focused on the Catalan culture and their literary and political richness, the re-awakening soon became a regionalist movement that sought increased autonomy from Spain. Prior to the Spanish Civil War of the mid to late 1930s, Catalonia was, at various times, self-ruled, and they twice proclaimed a Catalan Republic. The victory of General Franco at the end of the decade, however, began what is one of the Catalonia nation’s darkest periods. It is essential to understand the dictatorship of General Franco, in order to understand modern Catalonia. Although Franco’s regime was harsh on majority of Spaniards, Catalonia suffered what can only be described as an attempt to annihilate them systematically and cruelly. It was during this period that their cultural rights were repressed collectively and individually, including banning of the Catalan language, punishment for any expression of their culture, and public officials pub licly denying regarding their identity (Payne 30). Democracy, which was institutionalized in 1975, started a period of recuperation for the language, culture, and institutions of the Catalonia. At present, the nation is enjoying self-governance at a level that was only possible during the advent of the Bourbon Dynasty some three hundred years ago (Alba 23). Substantial responsibilities have been placed in an autonomous Catalan parliament and government, especially in fields like policing, healthcare, culture, and education. Spain, therefore, after Belgium and Germany, is the EU’s most decentralized state, consisting of Catalonia, Navarre, and Basque. To understand the identity of Catalonia, their language is vital. Surviving over three hundred years of repression has not dulled their literary scene with over 8 million people still using the Catalan language across all societal levels. The language is used in Valencia, Catalonia, Balearic Islands, Andorra, Aragon, Southern Fra nce, and Alguer in Italy. In fact, the language is more popular than some languages with official status in the EU, such as Maltese, Lithuanian, Danish, Slovenian, Slovak, and Finnish. However, the language is not recognized by national institutions in Spain and the EU, despite the prevalence of magazines, newspapers, and TV and radio channels in Catalan (Alba 24). Still, the language is weaker in the Spanish bi-lingual society and continues to face numerous threats. Catalonia, apart from its tradition of literature, has also

The tattooed soldier Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The tattooed soldier - Essay Example Antonio and Elena are forced to flee to rural San Cristobal. But even there the dormant revolutionary zeal makes her take up the issue for the lethal practices of the local sanitation company. In retaliation, one ill-fated day, she and her young son are shot dead. Earlier they had thought of going to Mexico. Hector Tobar writes, "Perhaps they could move to Mexico. Save enough money to move to Mexico or the United States. A place where they could be safe, and their daughter or son could be educated. A place where you could speak your mind and there were no soldiers on the street." (p.118) After the death of Elena and his son, sensing danger to his life, Antonio flees to Los Angeles. Once in Los Angeles, he finds life much more difficult and risky. He cannot forget Elena and suffers from intense love pangs. The novel begins with the scene of his landlord giving him final notice of eviction and Antonio is busy packing up his meager belongings. In the process of packing, he is overwhelmed to see a photograph. What is his reaction, when he sees it? Hector Tobar writes, â€Å"He discovered a forgotten photograph of his wife and son, taken years ago in Quetzaltenango against a painted backdrop of fanciful lakes and volcanoes. Of all things. He raised the photograph to his lips and tried to fight off the rush of memories that began to gather and rumble like thunder behind his eyes. This picture is the sadness of me, the tragedy of me. (p.7)In Los Angles, he expected a better life.

Communication Justice, Rights and Law class task 1 Case Study

Communication Justice, Rights and Law class task 1 - Case Study Example According to Article 33, it is the countrys responsibility to discourage racial, parochial, sectarian, tribal, and provincial discrimination among the citizens. In this case, Kinyua (2014) asserts that the citizens in context are Muslim citizens. As it has been indicated above, Pakistan is a Muslim country where every person within the confinement of her territories, including Asia Bibi and her family, are required to heed to these provisions. The fact of this matter is that Asia Bibi was living within the Pakistan’s territories. In this case, she was under the laws and regulations that governed the nation. In this case, it is reported that she insulted her fellow workers in the name of Islam. Accordingly, she takes water from the same well as the Muslims. Not only did she commit the heinous act, but also she professed her religion (Christianity) by indicating that it is superior that Islamic. According to the evidence presented during the proceeding, Asia Bibi committed a capital crime of blaspheming prophet Mohamed. All these offences committed by Asia Bibi carry specified punishments according to â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Section 295 C of the Pakistan Penal Code†¦..†, Bryant (2009). The penal code provides f or 3 years imprisonment for making any sound or uttering of any word or making any gesture with deliberate intent of hurting the religious feelings of other persons. In addition, mandatory Death sentence and fine are provided in section 295C for any person who uses derogatory remarks, written, spoken, indirectly, or directly defiles or blasphemes the name of Muhammad. Furthermore, the section affirms that the presiding judge in this matter should be a Muslim faithful and the witness presented by non-Muslims will carry less weight in such proceedings. In this case, Asia Bibi was legally and properly convicted of the blasphemy charges and hence the death sentence issued and the fine imposed was done according to the provision of the law,

Role of Stakeholders in Strategic Planning Process Essay

Role of Stakeholders in Strategic Planning Process - Essay Example These will also oversee steps which will ask of the local publics to act accordingly in order to solicit a response which is not only appropriately driven but also geared to achieve their active participation. These remain some of the important ingredients behind understanding the relevant realms, as these will harness the basis of IUCN in the long run. The environmental degradation, uplifting of global standards and similar other initiatives will be bolstered immensely if the stakeholders are told about the precise strategic planning process which will be put into place. Once the strategic planning process is initiated, IUCN’s stakeholders need to agree on its different clauses so that tasks become easier and more manageable than they would be at the outset of such a strategic planning process (Ghobadian, 2002). The key ingredients that would be required on their part are an understanding that IUCN’s strategic planning process would deliver results if it is given a chance to manifest itself. Also there will be a comprehensive outlook of how the strengths and weaknesses weigh along with one another. This will put things in comparison and ask of the stakeholders to know about things which are of essence beforehand. The major roles that these stakeholders shall play include the basis of their agreement with the strategic planning process for IUCN as well as paving the way forward for achieving the end objectives and goals of the strategic planning process. It will help put things in proper perspective and ask IUCN to devise a very firm process in the first place. Their roles would comprise more of decision-making than bringing a sense of business for IUCN. Therefore proper definition of assigning roles would put things into proper perspective and resolve issues which remain fundamental to its cause (Hussein, 2008). As for IUCN, it is one of the most sought after names within the

Supporting Case, African American Essay Example for Free

Supporting Case, African American Essay Item 1Student responses will vary. Write a memo to all staff in the department asking staff to come in and introduce themselves . Item 2 Write this information in â€Å"note to self. † Recently SSS Software has lost two key personnel, Michael Grant and Janice Ramos from health and hospitals, and finance and banking. How soon will the organization replace Janice Ramos? And with an internal or external hire? Item 3Memo to Paula Sprague thanking her for this information. It will be valued and kept confidential. This is important for me to have the insight and background of each of these managers to better understand their needs and what can be done to improve upon a team effort. Item 5C copy No response. Item 6Voice mail or e-mail to Harry Withers regarding this issue as soon as possible. Item 7 Call Jim Bishop regarding this issue. Set up meeting if needed. Get additional information from Jose Martinez. Item 8 Voice mail to Armand to set up appointment as soon as possible regarding this issue. Get copies of complaints if possible; how many. Item 9 Voice mail to Pat to set up lunch date. Item 10 Memo to Bob Miller to discuss this issue. Need more information as to what was said in the joke. Item 11 Phone call to Lorraine Adams from Westside Hospital regarding conversion of existing software. â€Å"Note to self† Michael has offered to do this work (Universal Business Solutions, Inc. ) Memo to Paula Sprague, Soto and Woo on C. A. R. E project. Need them and Wilson, if able for project or someone equally qualified FOR Westside Hospital. Item 12 Voice mail to Roosevelt Moore to set up an appointment to talk about this issue. â€Å"Note to self† Get information on work record and review before meeting with Roosevelt. Item 13 E-mail or voice mail to set up meeting with Jose Martinez. Get his side of issue then talk with Jim Bishop. Item 14â€Å"Note to self†: John Small recommending Mala Abendano for the position vacated by Janice Ramos. John is involved with Mala. Check work record on Mala. Ask for Paula’s opinion on the matter if Mala applies for position. Item 15E-mail to Roger regarding meeting. â€Å"Note to self† review memo of October 15, from Paula Sprague on the management team personnel to propose a group to go to Kenya. Item 16E-mail to Sharon Shapiro thanking her for the information. â€Å"Note to self†: Sharon will keep me updated on the sexual joke issue. May need to review sexual harassment issue with staff. Item 17No response. Keep for information only.

Philosophy Reflection Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Reflection Essay This was my first major introduction into the study of philosophy, and I can honestly say that it has had a major impact on my belief system. Many of my views have been changed and my overall view on life is much different than it was five months ago. To me, the two most interesting works were the Tao and The Minds I. The Tao describes a really interesting way of life. Of all the philosophies weve read, it is the simplest and most beautiful. Instead of scanning for hidden meanings and analyzing all parts of life, Laozi just tells us to live life. Do no more than you have to do, but do everything you have to do. He tells us not to worry about death and just live life. I honestly think very simple and peaceful way of living can bring us much more happiness than we have now in our current society. However, the only way it can be implemented is if everyone follows the Tao, and that is nearly impossible in our current society. We should honestly try to live simpler lives and see the beauty of everyday things. The other work that really impacted me was The Minds I. Im not sure if it qualifies as a single work, but there were several important themes that really interested me and changed some of my views. The section that really interested me the most was the section describing intelligent machines and animals, and their relationship to humans. I had always considered humans superior to animals due to their intelligence and ability to communicate. I never thought too much about the idea of intelligent animals and even machines and their relationship to humans. An intelligent machine or animal that can communicate definitely would be on the same evolutionary level as humans, and thus there could be no way to justify creating an intelligent robotic servant or helper without harkening back to the ideology that prompted slavery. Also, destruction of this machine or animal would be equivalent to murder. However, I still so no moral objection to creating an intelligent robot, as long as we give it its own freedom, just as we would to one of our children. Its may be considered playing God, but if we are his greatest creations, we should have the right to test our limits. Only through a recreation of consciousness done and understood by us can we begin to understand our own consciousness as well as ourselves. I had never really thought about technology in this way and never seriously questioned the origin of my consciousness, so the Minds I really forced me to think about life in a different way. Throughout the term, I not only changed and reconsidered many of my views; I discovered things that I subconsciously believed without really thinking about it. My beliefs not only changed, I discovered beliefs that I never knew I had. Some of these views surfaced when reading certain works like The Mysterious Stranger and Nietzsche. Although these two works didnt change my deep-set views that much, it was interesting to see my instinctual beliefs get challenged. I discovered I was a pretty moderate thinker, but these readings caused many of my views on life to change. However, I still disagreed with many of the views expressed in class discussions with certain works, like the Tao. But then I realized that the Tao is designed to have different meanings to everyone who reads it so they could find their own way of life and thus doesnt lend itself well to class discussions. I saw that the way philosophy has evolved over the years mirrors the way society has changed throughout history. The older philosophies that weve read, like the Tao and Plato work, seem to try to tell us how to live our lives to get the most happiness and satisfaction out of it, and how to find the way or see the light. The more modern philosophies seem to disregard the idea of a true path and tell us how to live in the best way, but they dont guarantee happiness from it. The most interesting pieces for me were a mix of the modern and older philosophies, like Nietzsche and Socrates Apology (I guess because he lived in a ancient but modern society). Even though they were completely different and I completely disagreed with one of them, they were much more compelling to me. One important thing that I learned is that I hate reading about something that I agree on, I dislike having my views proven? by another writer and rather read new ideas and opinions. From all the texts read and discussions weve had this year, its hard to highlight just three things that I learned. One of the most stimulating texts to me was The Circular Ruins. Especially when read right after Is God a Taoist, this simple story made me reconsider all my beliefs on existence and God. Just like the main character was, we are kept in the dark about our condition, where we came from and how we exist. We claim an all-mighty God as our creator, and call ourselves superior beings in his image. However, whose to say that we are not just insignificant nothings, created by another being of no importance. Would that make us less real and important? From this story I learned to stop attaching importance and purpose to everything I do. Maybe there is a reason we dont know where we come from; perhaps we dont want to know. Another important lesson came from Reservation Blues. The main characters all had to deal with finding a cultural identity while trying to escape the trap of the white man. The only ones who made it out were the ones who had a strong cultural identity. They knew themselves and identified with their past before they attempted to escape the reservation. Victor and Junior either tried to ignore their past or couldnt come to terms with their heritage. They tried to escape before they were ready, and couldnt cope with the failure. The books point, despite the suicide and Victors destruction, was amazingly positive, it showed that if you come to terms with your past and yourself you can overcome any obstacle set against you, but you must have this understanding or you will destroy yourself. From The Razors Edge I learned a lot about the purpose of life from each of the vastly different characters. At first, it seems like the point of the story is that there is a difference between what we want and what makes us happy and fulfilled. Suzanne, Gray and Elliot all got what they wanted yet all seem to live unhappy, unfulfilled lives. Further inspection showed that they all are living the life that they fully wanted and expected to live, and they are perfectly content. Isabel wanted both Larry and high society type of life, and thus is disappointed with her life because she couldnt have both. Larry didnt know what he wanted out of life, so he took basically a timeout from the real world, went into seclusion and discovered what he wanted out of life. Now he, knowing full well what he wants, is the most satisfied of all the characters. The lesson to be learned is that happiness is completely relative, and thus you cannot call anyone a failure unless he considers himself one. Also, its all right to take some time out of the real world and relax, take a step back and see what you really want to do next. In the end, this class really has changed my views on the best kind of life. I still believe that you need to live the type of life that will make you the happiest and most satisfied, but I dont think that most people know what type of life that is. If you dont have a passion, dont force yourself into any profession. Explore the world and find something that really interests you otherwise you will get forced into a miserable life that you hate. If you have a passion, you have to follow it. You have to come in terms with who you are; understand and remember your past and childhood. We have to examine our lives to discover what we really want, then try to find it. We must simplify our actions, and we have to stop overanalyzing others actions and words. We have to lose our ego and sense of shame, and stop caring what people think of you. This is the simplest way to live and live happily, without having to adjust your actions to fit what other people expect from you. We have to stop fearing death and keep on living life in the happiest possible way. This will be the happiest, simplest and best life for everyone.

Quantitative And Qualitative Research Techniques And Procedures Psychology Essay

Quantitative And Qualitative Research Techniques And Procedures Psychology Essay The term research is usually used interchangeably with investigate, study, explore examine and make inquiries of a specific topic. In general terms, research can be defined as the gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge. The Princeton University wordnetweb published some interesting definitions of research including: Attempt to find out in a systematically and scientific manner; Systematic investigation to establish facts inquire into or a search for knowledge; In the scientific and academic terms however, the common use of the team tends to refer to the definition of research in a scientific context where it is used to mean performing a methodical study in order to prove a hypothesis or answer a specific question. This scientific understanding and application of research assumes a research process which involves manipulation of the variables in general with exceptional of process that use case studies and pure observational science for which this generalization does not always hold true. Research methods are technique(s) for gathering data (Harding, 1986) and are generally dichotomized into being either quantitative or qualitative. It has been argued that methodology has been gendered (Oakley, 1998), with quantitative methods traditionally being associated with words such as positivism, scientific, objectivity, statistics and masculinity. In contrast, qualitative methods have generally been associated with interpretive, non-scientific, subjectivity and femininity. C. R. Kothari categories research methods into three main types depending on purpose, area of focus and research approach: i. Depending on its purpose, research is said to be exploratory research which is also divided into two subtypes of descriptive and analytical research. This type of research is purposed to and structured to identify new problems or relationships between phenomena. Thus, it is aimed at describing the state of affairs as it exists and it is usually done through survey to get new facts which are analyzed to find new connections: ii. Based on the focus and the result of the research process, we do find the Constructive research also known as applied research. This type of research is used to develop solutions to practical problem at hand. In this same category, there is Empirical research through which researchers tests the feasibility of a solution using observed data: iii. Based on the approach, research can also be categorized as qualitative or quantitative. This categorization is based on the research methods used. The choice between the two is based on the properties of the subject matter and or the objective of the research. (C. R. Kothari 2004). Those two are the most commonly used categorisations and form the main schools of thought in research. Although they are commonly used together in complex research processes, the merits of one of over the other hotly debated especially in the field of social science research. Due to the scope and space limitation, I do not intend to cover the entire field of scientific research. The reminder of this paper will therefore focus on the examination of these two methods in iii above Looking their key characteristics, date collection and analysis methods, and identifying the respective advantages and disadvantages, validity level and the discussing the contemporary usefulness on the two methods in the research process. Quantitative Research Techniques and Procedures Qualitative analysis is a process that is often the precursor to quantitative, statistical work; a process to make the tacit underpinnings of an issue explicit; a process you can use to deepen your understanding of complex social and human factors that cannot be understood with numbers; a process that helps you figure out what to count and what to measure (Kerlin, 1999, p. 1). Some of the common methods of carrying out quantitative research are surveys and observations. Surveys are commonly carried out either the respondent or the researcher filling in questionnaires. While observational research involves the research watching or observing various behaviors and patterns. Mary other different kinds of quantitative research methods are used besides the surveys and observations. More complicated forms of quantitative research are experimental research or mathematical modelling research (Peter J.P. Donnelly J.H, 2000). In the social sciences, quantitative research refers to the systematic empirical investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationships. The process will involve the development and use of the different mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to phenomena to measure empirical observation and mathematical expression that evidence the quantitative relationships. Although this research approach is commonly used in the social sciences such as psychology, sociology and anthropology, quantitative research mathematical sciences such as physics is also quantitative by definition, though this use of the term differs in context. In the social sciences, the term relates to empirical methods, originating in both philosophical positivism and the history of statistics, which contrast qualitative research methods. (http://en.wikipedia.org) One of the key characteristic of quantitative research is that it Involves analysis of data like numerical date, word, pictures and objects. (Miles Huberman (1994) Qualitative Research Techniques and Procedures Qualitative research is a generic term for investigative methodologies described as ethnographic, naturalistic, anthropological, field, or participant observer research. It emphasizes the importance of looking at variables in the natural setting in which they are found. Interaction between variables is important. Detailed data is gathered through open ended questions that provide direct quotations. The interviewer is an integral part of the investigation (Jacob, 1988). This differs from quantitative research which attempts to gather data by objective methods to provide information about relations, comparisons, and predictions and attempts to remove the investigator from the investigation (Smith, 1983). According to Andrew (2007), qualitative research is a method of inquiry appropriated in many different academic disciplines, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in market research and further contexts. Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused samples are more often needed, rather than large samples. According to Andrew (2007), qualitative research is used to denote approaches which are supported by a set of hypotheses concerning the way the social world functions. It deduces many of its basic principles from the perspective that there are fundamental differences between the science of human world and science of natural world and consequently needs to use distinctive methods. Here, attention is focused upon looking at the world through the eyes of studied objects and upon evolving concepts and theories which are grounded in the collecting data. So, qualitative research connected with own accounts of the individuals of their attitudes and behavior. The significance of qualitative research consists in setting stress on describing, understanding complex phenomena. It investigates, for instance, the relationships and patterns among factors or the context in which the activity happens. It is concentrated on understanding the full many-dimensional picture of the subject of investigatio n. Qualitative methods produce information only on the particular cases studied, and any more general conclusions are only hypotheses (informative guesses). Qualitative research is aimed at deepening our understanding about phenomenon, and will usually involve going beyond surface analysis of numbers and the statistics to the deeper meaning behind story being told by the numbers. It aims to gives the reasons and establishes causal relationships. It is often contrasted to quantitative research which focuses on the quantitative elements of phenomena. In practice however, the two methods are often used together to get to the bigger picture. Face-to-Face Interviews and Focus Groups The most common forms of qualitative research are face-to-face interviews and focus groups. Face-to-face interviews are just that: Meeting someone in person and discussing various issues. The informant or person you are interviewing may be an expert in a particular field (e.g. the editor of a newspaper) or they may be someone who is affected by the issues you are researching (e.g. someone who is HIV positive or who reads the media). Focus groups involve discussions with two or more participants. While questions for focus groups need to be prepared to guide and focus the discussions, the responses are often free-ranging, as the participants are encouraged to explore the issues at hand in an in-depth way. While focus groups and interviews will help you develop explanations for quantitative data, sometimes they can provide you with quantitative data themselves Basic Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Techniques Quantitative and qualitative research methods differ primarily in: their analytical objectives the types of questions they pose the types of data collection instruments they use the forms of data they produce the degree of flexibility built into study design The key difference between quantitative and qualitative methods is their flexibility. Generally, quantitative methods are fairly inflexible. With quantitative methods such as surveys and questionnaires, for example, researchers ask all participants identical questions in the same order. The response categories from which participants may choose are closed-ended or fixed. The advantage of this inflexibility is that it allows for meaningful comparison of responses across participants and study sites. However, it requires a thorough understanding of the important questions to ask, the best way to ask them, and the range of possible responses. Qualitative methods are typically more flexible that is, they allow greater spontaneity and adaptation of the interaction between the researcher and the study participant. For example, qualitative methods ask mostly open-ended questions that are not necessarily worded in exactly the same way with each participant. With open-ended questions, participants are free to respond in their own words, and these responses tend to be more complex than simply yes or no. In addition, with qualitative methods, the relationship between the researcher and the participant is often less formal than in quantitative research. Participants have the opportunity to respond more elaborately and in greater detail than is typically the case with quantitative methods. In turn, researchers have the opportunity to respond immediately to what participants say by tailoring subsequent questions to information the participant has provided. Merriam (1988) provided a basis for differentiating qualitative and quantitative research techniques based on their characteristics. Characteristics of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Point of Comparisons Qualitative Research Quantitative Research Focus of research Quality (nature, essence) Quantity (how much, how many) Philosophical roots Phenomenology, symbolic interaction Positivism, logical empiricism Associated phrases Fieldwork, ethnographic, naturalistic, grounded, subjective Experimental, empirical, statistical Goal of investigation Understanding, description, discovery, hypothesis generating Prediction, control, description, confirmation, hypothesis testing Design characteristics Flexible, evolving, emergent Predetermined, structured Setting Natural, familiar Unfamiliar, artificial Sample Small, non-random, theoretical Large, random, representative Data collection Researcher as primary instrument, interviews, observations Inanimate instruments (scales, tests, surveys, questionnaires, computers) Mode of analysis Inductive (by researcher) Deductive (by statistical methods) Findings Comprehensive, holistic, expansive Precise, narrow, reductionist However, there is a range of flexibility among methods used in both quantitative and qualitative research and that flexibility is not an indication of how scientifically rigorous a method is. Rather, the degree of flexibility reflects the kind of understanding of the problem that is being pursued using the method. Merits of Quantitative Analysis The use of surveys permit a researcher to study more variables at one time than is typically possible in laboratory or field experiments, whilst data can be collected about real world environments. The usefulness of a survey is that the information you get is standardized because each respondent the person who fills out the questionnaire is answering the exact same questions. Once you have enough responses to your questionnaire, you can then put the data together and analyze it in a way that answers your research question or what it is you want to know. Since case studies follow a structured format, different situations can be compared or analyzed comparatively. Case studies are typically short (often no more than 5 pages long) and usually only contain the essential information needed to present a situation and, if necessary, to describe and properly analyze a problem. Quantitative data can determine when students have achieved or failed a task, and they can provide national ranking, percentiles, and allow researchers to conduct comparison analyses. Nevertheless, they cannot provide the total picture of why a particular student has either succeeded or failed (Burnaford et al., 2001; Gall et al., 1996 and Mc Bride Schostak, 2000). In quantitative research, the researcher neither participates in nor influences what is being studied; thus, he/she examines the circumstances objectively. In some qualitative research, the researcher may play a more subjective role and participate by being immersed in his/her research. That is, the observer may be the teacher or the facilitator. This role is often the case with when action research, case studies, and focus groups are used in educational research. Advantages of surveys Good for comparative analysis. Can get lots of data in a relatively short space of time. Can be cost-effective (if you use the Internet, for example). Can take less time for respondents to complete (compared to an interview or focus group) Specific concrete example; Can help with problem solving; Are often interesting to read. Demerits of Quantitative Analysis A key weakness of quantitative analysis is that it is very difficult to realise insights relating to the causes of or processes involved in the phenomena measured. There are, in addition, several sources of bias such as the possibly self-selecting nature of respondents, the point in time when the survey is conducted and in the researcher him/herself through the design of the survey itself. It could be argued that the quantitative researcher is more precise, but the response would be that with people it is not possible to be so precise, people change and the social situation is too complex for numerical description. Quantitative research has a tendency to clarify where clarification is not appropriate. (Mc Bride Schostak, 2000, pp. 1-2) Disadvantages of Surveys Responses may not be specific. Questions may be misinterpreted. May not get as many responses as you need. Dont get full story. Can take time to develop; Depending on format, may need some level of good writing skills; Do not usually give broad overview of issue at hand. Merits of Qualitative Techniques The approaches of the qualitative research differ from the methods of the quantitative research. Quantitative methods have their aim in dividing into clearly defined parts, or variables. When we research an issue which we know how to quantify, for example, what can be quantified for sure, we may leave out the factors which are crucial to the real understanding of the phenomena under study (Andrew, 2007). Qualitative methods are helpful not only in giving rich explanations of complex phenomena, but in creating or evolving theories or conceptual bases, and in proposing hypotheses to clarify the phenomena. Besides, value of the qualitative research consists in validity of the information received; people are minutely interviewed so as the obtained data would be taken as correct and believable reports of their opinions and experiences. Its major disadvantage is that small group of interviewed individuals can not be taken as representative (Andrew, 2007). Case studies involve an attempt to describe relationships that exist in reality, very often in a single organization. Case studies may be positivist or interpretivist in nature, depending on the approach of the researcher, the data collected and the analytical techniques employed. Reality can be captured in greater detail by an observer-researcher, with the analysis of more variables than is typically possible in experimental and survey research. Another type of qualitative analysis is site visits. Site visits help you understand your research better; site visits (e.g. when you visit an organization, a manufacturing plant, a clinic or a housing project) are very useful and sometimes even necessary ways of gaining additional insight and making your theoretical information concrete in your mind. They allow you to observe what is going on, and to ask questions you may not have thought about. Qualitative research has a phenomenological focus that can provide an enriched and detailed description of the participants actions and/or viewpoints (Veronesi, 1997). Advantages of Face-to-Face Interviews Can allow for in-depth knowledge sharing; Helps to develop the bigger picture; Helps with analysis of results; Good for networking (e.g. you may be referred to other people to interview). Advantages of Focus Groups Good for community participation (grassroots input); Helpful in developing ideas and sharing latent, or hidden, knowledge spontaneously; Enables you to get information from a number of individuals simultaneously. Advantages of Site Visits and Observation Demerits of Qualitative Analysis Case studies can be considered weak as they are typically restricted to a single organization and it is difficult to generalize findings since it is hard to find similar cases with similar data that can be analyzed in a statistically meaningful way. Disadvantages of Face-to-Face Interviews Can be time consuming; May be difficult to arrange an interview time; Can be difficult to compare and analyze information. Disadvantages of Focus Groups Can be difficult to set up; Participants may need to be paid; Need to be sensitive to who the facilitator is; May need a translator; Sometimes difficult to organize and analyze information. Disadvantages of Site Visits and Observation Take time; Can be expensive (depending how far you need to travel); With observation in particular, you need to be careful how you interpret what you see. With site visits, you may want to make sure you have a guide so that you can ask questions However, the disadvantage of the quantitative as well as qualitative research is that they do not always underpin understanding of multi-dimensional pictures (Andrew, 2007).

Religion, Myth, and Magic in Robertson Davies’s Fifth Business Essay

Religion, Myth, and Magic in Robertson Davies’s Fifth Business Interwoven with light and shadows, Robertson Davies’s Fifth Business is penetrated with fantastical elements that rub uneasily against feelings of guilt. A snowball thrown by young "Boy" Staunton misses Dunstan and hits Mary Dempster, causing the premature birth of Paul and the insanity of Mary. Guilt ensues and threatens to envelop Dunstable, Dunny, and Dunstan. One is his name by birth; the other a pet name; and the third, his true name upon being born again. With so many identities, Dunstan struggles to understand his role as fifth business and to learn to untie himself from his burden of guilt. Conventional religion may confine Dunstan Ramsay’s spiritual growth, but it lays a firm foundation for him to mature. Myth finds a place in the heart of Dunstan and teaches him to grow. Magic is the escape of yore that Dunstan seeks and successfully rediscovers. Religion, myth, and magic are intertwined in Dunstan Ramsay’s life, crucial for the completion of Ramsay as a person through the wonder they inspire. Dunstan Ramsay’s family, especially Dunstan’s authoritative mother, is the epitome of Scottish Presbyterianism in Dunstan’s life. The Scots are the paragons of common sense and prudence – they are not allowed the "usual failings normally associated with the human condition,"1 and Dunstan is indeed acutely aware of any shortcomings he might have. Though Dunstan declares that "the Scottish practicality that [he has] imitated from [his] parents [is] not really in grain with [him]"2, the "chilly Presbyterian ethos"3 remain. When he dodges Percy Boyd Staunton’s snowball and it hits Mary Dempster – which causes the premature birth of Paul and the "madness" of Mary – ... ...enreich, The Postwar Novel. p. 63. Robertson Davies. Fifth Business. p. 262. John Moss, Sex and Violence in the Canadian Novel. p. 103 Robertson Davies. Fifth Business. p. 217. Ibid. p. 221. Ibid. p. 226. Ibid. p. 227. Primary source: Davies, Robertson. Fifth Business. Toronto: Penguin Group, 1970. Secondary sources: Heidenreich, Rosmarin. The Postwar Novel. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1989. Little, Dave. Catching the Wind in a Net: the Religious Vision of Roberston Davies. Toronto, Ontario: ECW Press, 2996. Monk, Patricia. Mud and Magic: Robertson Davies’s Fifth Business. Don Mills, Ont.: ECW Press, 1992. Moss, John. Sex and Violence in the Canadian Novel. Toronto, Ontario: McClelland and Stewart, 1977. Quigley, Theresia, The Child Hero in the Canadian Novel. Toronto: NC Press Limited, 1991.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Essay -- Crib Death SIDS

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sudden infant death syndrome, better known as S.I.D.S., is one of the leading causes for the inflated infant mortality rate in this country today. It is often misunderstood or unrecognizable. For the most part, the causes of SIDS are unknown to the general public. This is changing, however, as public awareness is ever increasing. Thus, the purpose of this paper will be to explain sudden infant death syndrome and its known or suggested causes. Also, the history of SIDS, the problems and emotional suffering that results from the loss of a child, the toll it takes on the surviving sibling, and possible counseling or other help that is available for parents who may have lost a child to SIDS are such areas that will be explored. Overall I hope to achieve a better understanding of all these suggested topics within the body of the paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SIDS is also commonly referred to as crib death. It is said to claim approximately in the range of 6,000 to 7,000 babies a year within the continental United States alone, with a slight increase each year (Bergman xi). This would seem to be an astounding figure, but when the figure of the total amount of babies that are born in the United States is compared to that of the number of deaths due to SIDS, it accounts for only a small percentage. It is a small percentage that hopefully can be reduced. And to any parents, the loss of just one child is definitely one too many, despite of the statistics that are currently available. During the first week of life is where most deaths that are associated with prematurity dominate, SIDS is the leading cause of death among infants under one year of age, according to Bergman. It ranks second only to injuries as the cause of death in children less than fifteen years of age. An unknown fact is that SIDS takes more lives than other more common diseases such as leukemia, heart disease or cystic fibrosis (Bergman 24). Ironically it was not until the middle of the 1970’s until SIDS was no longer ignored as being a cause of death. For the most part, no research was being conducted, leaving families and victims left to wonder why their babies died (Mandell 129). For the family and friends of the family, who also are victims, this was definitely a tragedy. Not knowing the cause of death had to have caused physical and emotional ... ... Gregory, Geoff. "The Discovery of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." The Journal of the American Medical Association 264 (1990): 2731. Kahn, A., et al. "Problems in Management of Infants With an Apparent Life Threatening Event." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 533 (1988): 78-88. Limerick, Sylvia. "Family and Health Professional Interactions." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 533 (1988): 145-154. Malloy, Michael H. "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Maternal Smoking." American Journal Of Public Health. 82 (1992): 1380-182. Mandell, Frederick, et al. "the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 533 (1988): 129-131. Mandell, Frederick, et al. "The Surviving Child in the SIDS Family." Pediatrician. 15 (1988): 217-221. Martin, Richard, J. Respiratory Disorders During Sleep in Pediatrics. New York: Futura Publishing Co., 1990. Powell, Maria. "The Psychological Impact of SIDS on Siblings." Irish Journal Of Psychology. 12 (1991): 235-247. Raub, William. "Chronic Fetal Hypoxia May Predispose Infants to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." The Journal of the American Medical Association. 264 (1990): 2731.

Parts Of Automobile :: Car Parts

Air Filter – a device that reduces the concentration of solid particles in an airstream to a level that can be tolerated in a process or space occupancy; a component of most systems in which air is used for industrial processes, ventilation, or comfort air conditioning. Automobile self starter – the bell housing is part of the transmission system on a gasoline (also known as petrol) or diesel powered vehicle. It is bolted to the engine block and contains the flywheel and the torque converter or clutch of the transmission. The starter motor is usually mounted here engaging with a ring gear on the flywheel. On the opposite end to the engine is usually bolted the gearbox. Bucket seat – a seat contoured to hold one person, distinct from bench seats which are flat platforms designed to seat multiple people. Bucket seats are standard in fast cars to keep riders in place when making sharp or quick turns. Bumper – a part of an automobile designed to allow one vehicle to impact with another and to withstand that collision without severe damage to the vehicle's frame. Brush guards, push bars, etc. were added "after-market" to bumpers of automobiles, pickups, trucks, and utility vehicles since at least the 1920s to provide additional protection to the vehicle. While bumpers were originally made of heavy steel, in later years they have been constructed of rubber, plastic, or painted light metal leaving them susceptible to damage from even minimal contact. For the most part, these vehicles cannot push, or be pushed by, another vehicle. An entire after-market industry has developed which now produces various guards to protect these vulnerable modern bumpers. Buzzer – or sometimes called beeper is a signaling device, usually electronic, typically used in automobiles, household appliances such as a microwave oven, or game shows. Car battery – a type of rechargeable battery that supplies electric energy to an automobile. Usually this refers to a SLI battery (Starting - Lighting - Ignition) to power the starter motor, the lights and the ignition system of a vehicle’s engine. This also may describe a traction battery used for the main power source of an electric vehicle. Car door – an opening to enter to the car (or their compartments or partition), often equipped with a hinged or sliding panel which can be moved to leave the opening accessible, or to close it more or less securely. Clutch – a machine element for the connection and disconnection of shafts in equipment drives.

An Valuable Experience Essay

It started off like any other morning for me when I woke up from the bed. It was totally different from others. I was very hungry and decided to have breakfast before school. When I approach the dining room, I saw my parents was sitting there and kept smiling at me. As soon as I sat down, there was a big surprise for me. â€Å"Happy Birthday, Jacky†, said my parents as they handed me a beautiful wrapped present. I was extremely curious and I opened the present hurriedly. Wow! It was an expensive cell phone, Iphone 5. I was over the moon because I had wanted the cell phone so much since it published last month. After having my light breakfast, I drove to school as usual. When I reached my classroom, my classmates shouted at me and wished me happy birthday. I was very happy as they sent their greeting to me. John, my best friend since primary school hugged me and kissed my forehead as his â€Å"present† to me. When I put down my bag, I quickly showed him my new cell phone. He was fascinated when he saw my amazing cell phone. In fact, he was in love with that cell phone and both of us love it. We investigated the functions of this new cell phone until the bell rang and soon the lessons stared. I immediately hid the cell phone because cell phone is contraband in school. After three hours, it was recess time. The first thing I would do was going to the washroom. After that, I would go to the canteen to fill up my empty stomach. After having my fabulous meal, I went back to the classroom. When I reach my seat, I realized that my cell phone was not in my pocket. My cell phone was missing! I looked up and down for my cell phone frantically but I could not find it. I started to think carefully where I had put the cell phone. I recognized that I had given it to John before going out from the classroom. Or maybe I miss it in the toilet but it is impossible. It must be John who had stolen my cell phone and I was sure for it. I darted to the canteen to look for John who was eating banana. â€Å"John, there you are! Give me back my cell phone!† I yelled at him. John did not know what had happened and shouted that he did not take my cell phone. However, I did not believe him and kept accusing him that he had stolen my cell phone. I was getting impatient and my voice was getting louder. â€Å"Hey John, I thought that we are best friend but now I know that you are just a liar, a thief! If you admire my cell phone, just tell me and I can lend it to you. You should not steal it as that is my present from my parents. You know how toilful my parents work for buying me this present? I will never trust you again! Never! † I shouted on top of my voice in front of the other students. After a couple of minutes, the bell rang again and we went back to the classroom. The whole day we did not talk to each other. I even changed my seat with the other friend. I was really upset and angry at John for being dishonest to me. After I had reached home, I took my bath. I was still thinking of my cell phone and I did not have any appetite to take my lunch. I did not know how I was going to tell my parents about the missing of the cell phone. I decided to finish my homework before my parents come back. When I opened my bag and took out my book, I was shocked. To my surprise, it was my cell phone, dropped deeply inside my bag. I knew that I had misunderstood John. I felt sorry for him and I made up my mind to apologize to him. I took up my phone and called John. â€Å"John, can we meet at Starbuck for a while? I had something important going to tell you.† John did not answered me and cut the call. I was very worried that time and I believed that John will come to meet me. Therefore, I quickly go out to the Starbuck coffee shop afterward. Thirty minutes later, I saw John walking toward me, but he did not even look at me. I knew that he was still angry with me. He took a seat next to me immediately. After we ordered our coffee, I started to begin my apologize. â€Å"John, about just now†¦ erm†¦ I am truly sorry. I did not search for my cell phone carefully and misunderstood you. I should not shout and yell at you rudely. It is my entire fault. Sorry for everything. Can you forgive me?† I said solemnly. â€Å"Jacky, of course I will forgive you, we are best friend right/. However, to express your sincere, you must pay for my ordered coffee.† Said John. We smiled at each other. After this incident, I realize that John is always my best friend. I learnt that we should trust our friends and not to misunderstood them without investigating properly. As the saying goes, â€Å"Look before you leap†.

Exponential Funtions

An exponential function is in which a constant base is raised to a variable power. Exponential functions are used to model changes in population size, in the spread of diseases, and the growth of investments. They can also accurately predict types of decline typified by radioactive decay. The essence of exponential growth, and a characteristic of all exponential growth functions, is that they double in size over regular intervals. The most important exponential function is ex, the inverse of the natural logarithmic function. Some examples of exponential functions in the real world are Ponzi Schemes, Pyramid Schemes, and Chain Letters. Ponzi Schemes are named after Charles Ponzi. They are fraudulent investment plans in which one person takes people’ money as an â€Å"investment† and doesn’t necessarily tell them how their returns will be generated, meaning that people’s returns on investments could be generated by anything. Pyramid Schemes are also fraudulent investment plans. They are structured like a pyramid, starting with one initial recruiter who recruits someone and requires them to pay a fee. In order to make their money back, the new recruit must recruit others under him. This continues until it becomes impossible for the newest layer of recruits to recruit enough people to make their money back. Chain letters are letters that can be received electronically or through snail mail. They aren’t illegal on their own but they can take the form of a pyramid scheme when they ask you to donate a certain amount of money to the people on a list, then delete the name of the first person on the list, add your name, and forward to a certain amount of people. By forwarding, you are asking people to give money with the promise of making money. The schemes work because they seem like they can go on forever but in reality, the scheme can only go on for a certain amount of time before it exceeds the population. When the cycle exhausts itself, participants lose money. These schemes should not be participated in because it is impossible to continue to make more money than you invest.

Different stakeholders Essay

D1: Evaluate the influence different stakeholders exert in the organisation. Introduction Each stakeholder is important to the business, however, some are more important than others. I have chosen the top three that I think are the most important and in this word document, I will evaluate how these stakeholders influence the NHS and McDonalds. McDonalds Owners The owners are very important in McDonalds, because they’re the people that invest in the business and make sure that it runs smoothly to be able to give a good service and provide the customers with high quality food. They have to make sure that the each of the fast food restaurants are kept clean and designed well, to attract the customers and make them enjoy their time while having their food. This brings more costs with it; therefore the owners have to make sure that they have enough money when investing more money into the restaurants. They also have to make sure that McDonalds is fully equipped to be able to prepare the food that’s on the menu. When hiring new members of staff, they have to follow the procedures to make sure that they do it correctly. The people that they hire need to be suitable for the job and meet all of McDonald’s requirements and if failed to do so, it could have a big impact on the business and its overall success. Owners also need to make sure that all of the rules and regulations are followed so they don’t get into trouble for going against the law. If any of their employees don’t follow these rules, they are the ones to deal with it. The owners are in control of finance of the business and it’s budgeting. They need to make sure that the money is divided equally and controlled as it’s very easy to fall into debt but harder to get out of it. However, the owners don’t deal with everything themselves as their restaurants are all over the world; therefore they have their trusted people that deal with most of the issues that they don’t have time to deal with. For example, these people working for the owners have a high position within the business and they’re in charge of staff and the way separate restaurants are run. They have to motivate the stuff so they can be happier and enjoy their job more to provide a better quality service to the customers and this way improve the reputation of the business and help to make more profit as happy customers  are most likely to return to McDonalds repeatedly. Employees Employees working in McDonalds have to be well-trained to be able to prepare all of the food and serve the customers in the way that meets their expectations. Without staff, the restaurants wouldn’t be running because there would be no one to serve the customers and it’s not like McDonalds is a small family-run business so the owners could just do all the work themselves. There are many different departments within McDonalds and people are trained for different job roles but they still work together as a team to create overall business success. Employees also have to meet all of the customers’ expectations, whether that’s when preparing their food or serving them. They have to be friendly, patient and caring. The customers’ satisfaction should be the most important to them. However, they want to work in good working conditions and they want to know that they have a secure job, so the employers must make sure that they provide them with these. They might also expect a decent pay considering their job role consists of being on their feet during their shift and keeps them very busy. They can’t expect the pay to be too high at the same time because working in McDonalds doesn’t require any previous experience as full training is given and there’s no particular education expectations that the employees need in order to work in this fast food restaurant. Customers Customers in McDonalds are important, that’s why they’re in the top 3 in terms of how important they are to the business. They are the ones eating the food that McDonalds provide and in return they want to receive a high quality meal for a good price and they want to receive a good service when having their meal. If the business didn’t meet all of these expectations and they would give the customer sub-standard food, the customers might decide they don’t want to visit the restaurant again and it will affect the long-term profit that the business makes, it will also affect the reputation of McDonalds, therefore other customers might behave differently and have a negative opinion on it. The customers might chose to use other fast food restaurants such as Subway, KFC or Burger King who are a competition to McDonalds and it will affect its market share. Customers have an influence on the food that’s served in McDonalds, the quality of it and its price. To be able to charge low prices, the fast food restaurant might have to accept a low profit margin on their products. To be able to prepare high quality food and serve them in the right way, they might need to spend a lot of time and money to train the staff. It’s essential to meet the needs of customers in McDonalds if they want to carry on being a successful business and achieve their aims. NHS Government The government finances NHS, therefore without it, the service couldn’t be provided for free and some people could be affected by that as they might not have the money to pay for expensive health services and their health would be at risk. They are the ones to make sure that everything runs smoothly so a high quality service can be provided. They have to make sure that the NHS has all of the equipment needed to provide the service, that enough staff are hired to carry out these services and that they have the right qualifications and experience. The government needs to make sure that people working for the NHS are not over-working because they have a hard job as it is and they’re taking care of patients, so if they don’t have enough rest, they won’t be able to give a high standard service . Employees The employees in NHS are nurses, doctors and admin staff, all working in hospitals. These people have to have previous experience and they also have to have the right qualifications because they’re dealing with serious matters which is other people’s health, therefore they will want to work in a good environment, have a secure job and receive a good pay. These requirements will have an impact on the business because to be able to provide a good working environment, they will have to invest more money into it for example giving staff longer breaks or making sure that the working conditions are good. Also, high rates of pay will affect the finance of the business; however, if the staff doesn’t receive enough money for their job role, they might not be motivated to work. This will affect the way the business operates and gives out a service because it wouldn’t be a high standard. This would change the public opinion on NHS and then they would expect more from the government if their needs weren’t satisfied and  therefore, the government would have to invest more money in the NHS. The employees have a big impact on the service that is given out to the general public. Patients Patients are very important in the NHS because the NHS basically exists for people. If no one used their services, there would be no point of this existing because it’s a free health service provided to people that simply can’t afford it. If no one used the NHS services, the government would just pointlessly spend money on something that isn’t needed. However, when the patients decide to use the NHS, they have certain expectations that need to be met. They want to be treated equally and receive the health service they really need, whether it’s something simple or more serious. They are not expecting to pay for any help that’s given to them, they want the doctors and nurses to be friendly and helpful and they also expect the overall place to be in a good condition and atmosphere to be friendly and comfortable. The patients can give feedback after they have received a service, whether it’s to the company itself or whether it’s to family and friends who can then enjoy the use of the service too and make it more popular. The patients are also the ones who influence the products and services that the NHS provides because these need to be suitable for the patients themselves and meet their needs and requirements. Summary There are many different people working in different areas and departments of McDonalds and each of these groups have an effect on the company and how well it’s doing. Some of these stakeholders work together to achieve a mutual aim, whereas others work individually to achieve their own. There are also groups of stakeholders who don’t agree with each other and there are some opposing interests between them, therefore the business needs to be ready to resolve these differences. Overall, I think the owners, employees and customers are the most important stakeholders for McDonalds, because without them, the business simply wouldn’t be running or they wouldn’t be able to achieve success. If the owners of McDonalds didn’t invest enough money into the business to make it appealing to its customers and they didn’t hire the right employees who would meet the customers needs and expectations, the business wouldn’t be successful overall and they wouldn’t  be able to expand like it has. The most important stakeholder for the NHS is the government because they are the ones who are in charge of the NHS and they fund them. Without the money that the government invests in the NHS, they wouldn’t be able to provide patients with free health service and therefore the patients might not be able to afford healthcare. The employees such as doctors and nurses are very important because the NHS needs experienced people to work for them and to provide the service to their patients but also meet their business aims.

Managing Profitable Customer Relationship

Chapter 1 Marketing: Managing Profitable Customer Relationships GENERAL CONTENT: Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Central to any definition of marketing is _____. a. demand management b. transactions c. customer relationships d. making a sale e. making a profit (Answer: c; p. 5; Easy) 2. All of the following are accurate descriptions of modern marketing today, except which one? a. Marketing is creation of value for customers. b. Marketing is customer satisfaction at a profit. c. Selling and advertising are synonymous with marketing. d. Marketing involves building and managing profitable customer relationships. e. None of the above statements is true. (Answer: c; p. 5; Easy)3. Like NASCAR, successful companies recognize a crucial dimension of an outstanding marketing company to be _____. a. a strong customer focus b. a relentless pursuit of customer needs c. customer relationships built by everyone in the organization d. all of the above e. none of the above (Answer: d; p. 5; Moderate)4. _____ is defined as a social and managerial process by which individuals and organizations obtain what they need and want through value creation. a. Selling b. Advertising c. Barter d. Marketing e. None of the above is correct. Answer: d; p. 5; Challenging)5. Society and culture sh ape the basic form of human needs called _____. a. needs b. wants c. demands d. value e. an exchange (Answer: b; p. 6; Moderate)6. When backed by buying power, wants become _____. a. social needs b. demands c. physical needs d. self-esteem needs e. exchanges (Answer: b; p. 6; Easy)7. The fundamental reason America’s most admired firms, including Southwest Airlines and Harley-Davidson, conduct extensive research is to _____. a. maximize profits b. increase market share c. increase sales d. understand customers’ needs, wants, and demands e. undermine competitors Answer: d; p. 6; Moderate)8. _____ refers to sellers being preoccupied with their own products and losing sight of underlying consumer needs. a. Selling myopia b. Marketing c. Selling d. Marketing myopia e. Share of customer (Answer: d; p. 7; Moderate)9. American brand icons, including Harley-Davidson, Coca-Cola, and Nike, create deep brand meanings for consumers and do not suffer from _____. a. short-term losses b. long-term losses c. competitive threats d. marketing myopia e. planning problems (Answer: d; p. 7; Moderate)10. _____ are key building blocks for developing and managing customer relationships. a.Consumer expectations and customer satisfaction b. Customer choices and product offers c. Product performance and customer value d. Customer value and customer satisfaction e. Strategic plans (Answer: d; p. 8; Challenging)11. NASCAR’s primary obsession is to deliver a special _____ to every customer. a. assortment of products b. book store c. experience d. set of recommendations e. car (Answer: c; p. 7; Moderate)12. All of the following phrases reflect the marketing concept, except which one? a. We don’t have a Marketing Department, we have a Customer Department. b. We make it happen for you. c. We stay close to customers. d. Putting profits ahead of customer needs is critical to the health of the firm. e. Customers are important. (Answer: d; p. 11; Easy)13. An example of a(n) _____ is when a customer pays Circuit City $250 and receives a television set in return. a. exchange b. transaction c. market d. segment e. scam (Answer: b; p. 9; Easy)14. _____ is the set of actual and potential buyers of a product. a. A market b. An audience c. A group d. A segment e. An exchange (Answer: a; p. 8; Moderate)15. Which of the following phrases reflects the marketing concept? a. The supplier is king. b. Marketing should be viewed as hunting and not gardening. . This is what I make, won’t you please buy it? d. This is what I want, won’t you please make it? e. None of the above. (Answer: d; p. 11; Challenging)16. The art and science of choosing target markets and building profitable relationships with them is called _____. a. marketing management b. positioning c. segmentation d. selling e. managing the marketing effort (Answer: a; p. 9; Moderate)17. _____ is(are) the set of benefits a company promises to deliver its consumers to satisfy their needs. a. A money-back guarantee b. Low prices c. Good customer service d. A value proposition e. An attribute (Answer: d; p. 9; Moderate)18. All of the following phrases reflect a firm’s value proposition, except which one? a. Altoids is positioned as â€Å"the curiously strong mint. † b. Porsche promises driving performance and excitement. c. Cheer laundry detergent promises powerful cleaning at all temperatures. d. All of the above are correct. e. None of the above is correct. (Answer: d; p. 9; Moderate)19. The _____ is a useful philosophy in situations when the product’s cost is too high and marketers look for ways to bring it down. a. selling concept b. product concept c. production concept d. marketing concept e. A and D (Answer: c; p. 10; Challenging)20. Henry Ford’s philosophy was to perfect the Model-T so that its cost could be reduced further for increased consumer affordability. This reflects the _____. a. product concept b. marketing concept c. marke ting mix d. production concept e. selling concept (Answer: d; p. 10; Moderate)21. To avoid traffic gridlock in large metro areas, _____ is undertaken to encourage commuters to carpool and use mass transit. a. target marketing b. market segmentation c. demarketing d. marketing e. the production concept (Answer: c; p. 9; Challenging)22. Selecting which segments to serve is called _____. a. market segmentation b. positioning c. customization . target marketing e. managing the marketing effort (Answer: d; p. 9; Moderate)23. When Wal-Mart profitably targets buyers who value savings, it is an example of _____. a. convenience b. value pricing c. market segmentation d. target marketing e. value packing (Answer: d; p. 9; Easy)24. All of the following phrases reflect the definition of target marketing, except which one? a. Disney targets persons in all stages of the life cycle. b. Porsche profitably targets affluent professionals. c. Dollar Stores profitably target families with modest means. d. The Book of the Month Club customizes offers based on a member’s previous selections. . Charlie Cheese Pizza Factory targets children. (Answer: a; p. 9; Moderate)25. â€Å"Build a better mousetrap and the world will beat a path to your door† reflects the _____. a. production concept b. marketing concept c. selling concept d. product concept e. target marketing (Answer: d; p. 10; Challenging)26. Which operating philosophy is practiced by the American Red Cross to solicit blood donations? a. The marketing concept. b. The product concept. c. The production concept. d. The selling concept. e. None of the above. (Answer: d; p. 10; Challenging)27. Firms follow the _____ when they face overcapacity. a. product concept b. elling concept c. production concept d. marketing concept e. A and C (Answer: b; p. 10; Challenging)28. Railroads were once operated based on the thinking that users wanted trains rather than transportation, overlooking the challenge of other modes of tra nsportation. This reflects the _____. a. product concept b. production concept c. selling concept d. marketing concept e. none of the above (Answer: a; p. 10; Moderate)29. According to the authors of your text, _____ is viewed not as â€Å"hunting,† but as â€Å"gardening. † That is, a firm has to find the right products for its customers. a. selling b. production c. marketing d. retailing e. dvertising (Answer: c; p. 11; Moderate)30. The _____ starts with the factory, focusing on the company’s existing products; it calls for heavy selling and promotion to obtain profitable sales. a. marketing concept b. production concept c. product concept d. selling concept e. company advertising (Answer: d; p. 10; Moderate)31. According to the authors of your text, fast-food restaurants offer tasty and convenient food at affordable prices; they contribute to a national obesity epidemic that harms consumer health and causes environmental problems in the long run. This stateme nt reflects that they often overlook the _____ business philosophy. . marketing concept b. product concept c. production concept d. societal marketing concept e. new-idea (Answer: d; p. 11; Moderate)32. The set of marketing tools a firm uses to implement its marketing strategy is called the _____. a. promotion mix b. product mix c. marketing mix d. TQM e. marketing effort (Answer: c; p. 13; Moderate)33. _____ is defined as the customer’s evaluation of the difference between all the benefits and all the costs of a marketing offer relative to those of competing offers. a. Customer relationship management b. Customer satisfaction c. TQM d. Customer perceived value e. Marketing myopia (Answer: d; p. 4; Easy)34. Building, keeping, and growing profitable value-laden relationships with all customers of a company is called _____. a. customer lifetime value b. customer perceived value c. customer relationship management d. database marketing e. societal marketing (Answer: c; p. 14; Ea sy)35. Delivering superior customer value and customer satisfaction are the two keys to building lasting _____. a. customer satisfaction b. customer databases c. market share d. customer relationships e. profits (Answer: d; p. 14; Moderate)36. All of the statements below reflect the definition of customer-perceived value, except which one? . Alex brought home his Lexus for $45,000; he luxuriated in the handling and smell of the leather interior. b. FedEx offers reliable package delivery at a reasonable price. c. The benefits of undergraduate tuition at state schools are judged to be reasonable and fair in comparison to competing private schools. d. The benefits of diet soft drinks are judged to be reasonable and fair in comparison to other types of soft drinks. e. All of the above are correct. (Answer: e; p. 14; Moderate)37. FedEx offers its customers fast and reliable package delivery. When FedEx customers weigh these aforementioned benefits against the monetary and psychic costs o f using the service, they are acting upon _____. a. loyalty b. relationship marketing c. perceived customer value d. social relationships e. a societal marketing campaign (Answer: c; p. 14; Challenging)38. Airlines offer frequent flier marketing programs to build value and satisfaction into the customer relationship. Using this approach, airlines add _____ to the customer relationship. a. social benefits b. structural benefits c. financial benefits d. excitement e. add-ons (Answer: c; p. 15; Challenging)39.Many banks are leading the way in using customer profitability analysis to weed out losing customers and target winning ones for pampering. This is called _____. a. customer relationship management b. positioning c. database marketing d. selective relationship management e. prospecting (Answer: d; p. 16; Challenging)40. Through _____, many companies today are strengthening their connections to partners all along the channel, from raw materials to components to final products that are carried to final buyers. a. supply chain management b. direct marketing c. partnership relationship marketing d. customized marketing e. deviated marketing Answer: a; p. 19; Easy)41. Pooling resources with other firms in order to succeed beyond managing the supply chain illustrates the _____ partnership. a. management contracting b. licensing c. supply chain management d. strategic alliance e. exporting (Answer: d; p. 19; Challenging)42. Stew Leonard, owner/operator of supermarkets, reacts adversely to losing a single customer sale. He feels that this amounts to losing the entire stream of future purchases that a customer is likely to make if he/she remains in the area. This is an illustration of _____. a. share of customer b. market share c. profitability d. customer lifetime value . market share maintenance (Answer: d; p. 20; Challenging)43. Amazon. com leverages relationships with its 35 million customers by offering them music, videos, gifts, toys, consumer electronics, and office products, among other product items. Based on previous purchase history, the company recommends related CDs, books, or videos that might be of interest. This helps Amazon. com capture a greater _____. a. market share b. customer lifetime value c. share of customer d. profitability e. customer base (Answer: c; p. 21; Challenging)44. _____ is the total combined customer lifetime values of all the company’s customers. . Share of customer b. Customer lifetime value c. Customer equity d. Profitability e. Share of market (Answer: c; p. 21; Challenging)45. Current sales and market share reflect a firm’s past performance while _____ reflects the future. a. customer lifetime value b. share of customer c. profitability d. customer equity e. growth rate (Answer: d; p. 21; Moderate)46. Banks classify customers into one of four relationship groups, according to their potential profitability and projected loyalty. JPMorgan Chase Bank wishes to examine its database and identif y customers who are profitable but not loyal. According to the authors of the text, it plans to use promotional blitzes to attract the group called _____. a. barnacles b. true friends c. strangers d. butterflies e. fools (Answer: d; p. 23; Challenging)47. The ultimate aim of customer relationship management is to produce _____. a. customer equity b. market share c. sales volume d. a reliable database e. profits (Answer: a; p. 21; Moderate)48. Which of the following statements about how the Internet is impacting lives everywhere is most accurate? a. Companies are cautiously using the Internet to build closer relationships with customers and marketing partners alike. . The Internet is still in its infancy with few consumers buying products/services online. c. The Internet allows anytime, anywhere connections to information, entertainment, and communication. d. If consumer e-commerce looks promising, business-to-business e-commerce is just plain declining. e. A and B (Answer: c; p. 26; Easy)49. The rapid pace of _____ has allowed companies to greatly expand their geographical market coverage, purchasing, and manufacturing. a. technology b. change c. travel d. globalization e. none of the above (Answer: d; p. 26; Moderate)50. Perhaps the most dramatic new technology today is _____. a. Microsoft Windows XP b. AOL c. the Internet d. all of the above e. none of the above (Answer: c; p. 26; Easy)51. Ben & Jerry’s challenges all stakeholders, including employees, top management, and even ice cream scoopers in their stores, to include concern for individual and community welfare in their day-to-day decisions. Actions by companies to do well by doing good reflects _____. a. ethics b. social responsibility c. profit marketing d. marketing e. myopia (Answer: b; p. 28; Moderate)52. When a church targets different demographic groups to increase attendance, it is an example of _____. a. for-profit marketing b. ot-for-profit marketing c. mindless marketing d. ethics in marketing e. societal marketing (Answer: b; p. 28; Moderate)53. The goal of customer relationship management is to produce _____. a. revenues b. profits c. customer equity d. a database of customers e. all of the above (Answer: c; p. 21; Moderate)54. To create customer value and build strong customer relationships, marketers know they cannot go it alone. Hence, in order to succeed in the long run, they practice _____. a. partner relationship management b. database marketing c. designing attractive websites d. customer equity e. all of the above (Answer: a; p. 19; Challenging)55. The success of a firm hinges upon the performance of the entire _____. a. marketing department’s effort b. supply chain c. product mix offerings d. organizational structure e. industry (Answer: b; p. 19; Moderate)56. The authors of your text classify customers into one of four relationship groups, according to their profitability and projected loyalty. _____ characterize the group with the highest pro fit potential and strong loyalty. a. Barnacles b. Strangers c. Butterflies d. True believers e. Best friends (Answer: d; p. 23; Easy)57. _____ is the act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return. . A transaction b. Exchanging c. Bribing d. Valuing e. Donating (Answer: b; p. 8; Easy)58. In the case of excess demand, _____ may be required to reduce the number of customers or to shift demand temporarily or permanently. a. marketing b. demarketing c. value marketing d. surplusing e. all of the above (Answer: b; p. 9; Easy)59. The _____ concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfaction better than competitors do. a. product b. production c. selling d. equity e. marketing (Answer: e; p. 11; Easy)60.The _____ concept holds that firms must strive to deliver value to customers in a way that maintains or improves both the consumer’s and society’s wel l being. a. marketing b. selling c. product d. societal marketing e. equity (Answer: d; p. 11; Easy)61. The _____ of a Taco Bell customer exceeds $12,000. a. market share b. CRM c. customer lifetime value d. share of stomach e. salary (Answer: c; p. 21; Moderate)62. For which of the following reasons are marketers everywhere using the Internet? a. To build closer relationships. b. To access new marketspaces. c. To attract new customers. d. To show off their technological skills. . A, B, and C (Answer: e; p. 26; Easy)63. You have learned at work that today’s successful companies at all levels have one thing in common: they are strongly customer focused and heavily committed to _____. a. obtaining the best CEOs b. increasing wealth to stockholders c. marketing d. employee motivation e. earning profits (Answer: c; p. 5; Moderate)64. The twofold goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior value and to _____. a. keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction b. keep and grow current customers by delivering competitive pricing c. eep and grow current customers by delivering friendly service d. keep and grow current customers by delivering vast product assortment e. all of the above (Answer: a; p. 5; Moderate)65. You have learned from experience as well as from this course that the most basic concept underlying marketing is that of _____. a. selling and advertising b. customer satisfaction c. retaining customers d. human needs e. fulfilling consumer wants (Answer: d; p. 6; Easy)66. As a new assistant marketing manager trainee, you learn in an orientation meeting that _____ are the form human needs take as they are shaped by culture and individual personality. . wants b. demands c. self-concepts d. desires e. icons (Answer: a; p. 6; Easy)67. What do companies call a set of benefits that they promise to consumers to satisfy their needs? a. marketing offer b. value proposition c. demand satisfaction d. need proposition e. evoke d set (Answer: b; p. 9; Moderate)68. Most firms practice the selling concept when they face _____. a. a crisis b. a recession c. fierce competition d. overcapacity e. marketing myopia (Answer: d; p. 10; Moderate)69. Herb Kelleher of Southwest Airlines used the marketing concept in his successful organization.His perspective of having a customer department uses a(n) _____ perspective. a. outside-in b. external c. inside-out d. modern e. traditional (Answer: a; p. 11; Challenging)70. Customer-driven marketing usually works well when _____ and when customers _____. a. a clear need exists; are easy to identify b. customers know what they want; can afford it c. a firm can deliver the goods desired; are thoroughly researched d. a clear need exists; know what they want e. a want exists; cannot afford it (Answer: d; p. 11; Challenging)71. The societal marketing concept seeks to establish a balance between consumer short-run wants and consumer _____. . short-run costs and profits b. short-ru n ethics c. long-run welfare d. health e. value propositions (Answer: c; p. 12; Moderate)72. _____ is an important concept when we realize that losing a customer means losing more than a single sale. It means losing the entire stream of purchases that the customer would make over a lifetime of patronage. a. Heuristics b. Net profit c. Customer lifetime value d. Relationship marketing e. Market share (Answer: c; p. 20; Moderate)73. Customers buy from stores and firms that offer the highest _____. a. value for the dollar b. customer perceived value c. level of customer satisfaction . company image e. A and C (Answer: b; p. 14; Challenging)74. Is the following statement true? Clearly, the more loyal the firm’s customers, the higher the firm’s customer equity. a. No. b. Yes. c. Maybe. d. Cannot tell accurately. e. Only if the value proposition is understood. (Answer: b; p. 21; Easy)75. Many not-for-profit organizations are facing huge operating deficits that they must cove r by more aggressive _____. a. volunteer service b. customer service c. advertising d. donor marketing e. social marketing campaigns (Answer: d; p. 29; Moderate) True/False76. Selling is managing profitable customer relationships. Answer: False; p. 5; Moderate)77. Product, price, place, and promotion make up the elements of a firm’s marketing mix. (Answer: True; p. 13; Easy)78. The twofold goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior value and to keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction. (Answer: True; p. 5; Challenging)79. Human needs are shaped by culture and individual personality. (Answer: False; p. 6; Moderate)80. When backed by buying power, wants become demands. (Answer: True; p. 6; Moderate)81. When backed by buying power, needs become demands. (Answer: False; p. 6; Moderate)82. Marketing offers are limited to physical products. (Answer: False; p. 7; Moderate)83. Marketing offers include products, services, information, or expe riences offered to a market to satisfy a need or want. (Answer: False; p. 7; Moderate)84. When sellers focus on existing needs and lose sight of underlying customer wants, they suffer from marketing myopia. (Answer: False; p. 7; Challenging)85. An exchange is the core concept of marketing, whereas a transaction is marketing’s unit of measurement. (Answer: True; p. 8; Moderate)86. Marketers of products, services, and ideas only practice marketing, whereas buyers do not. Answer: False; p. 8; Moderate)87. Who is our target market and what’s our value proposition are two important questions underlying marketing strategy. (Answer: True; p. 9; Moderate)88. Market segmentation is the process of seeking fewer customers and reduced demand for profit maximization only. (Answer: False; p. 9; Challenging)89. Demarketing is a marketing philosophy focused upon product differentiation and positioning. (Answer: False; p. 9; Moderate)90. The production concept and product concept are t wo philosophies that can both lead to marketing myopia. (Answer: True; p. 10; Challenging)91. When railroad companies thought that users wanted trains rather than transportation and overlooked the growing challenge of other modes of transportation they were following the selling concept. (Answer: False; p. 10; Moderate)92. Most firms follow the production concept when they face overcapacity. (Answer: False; p. 10; Challenging)93. The societal marketing concept calls on marketers to balance consumer wants and desires, company profits, and society’s interest. (Answer: True; p. 12; Moderate)94. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is nothing more than a customer data management activity. (Answer: False; p. 14; Moderate)95. Delivering superior customer value and customer satisfaction are the two keys to building lasting customer relationships. (Answer: True; p. 14; Moderate)96. Customer value is defined as the customer’s evaluation of the perceived difference between all the benefits and all the costs of a marketing offer relative to those of competing offers. (Answer: True; p. 14; Moderate)97. Customer-perceived value depends on the product’s perceived performance relative to a buyer’s expectations. (Answer: False; p. 14; Moderate)98. The simplest definition of modern marketing is managing profitable customer relationships. (Answer: True; p. 5; Easy)99.The difference between human needs and wants is that needs are states of felt deprivation. (Answer: True; p. 6; Easy)100. Smart marketers look beyond the attributes of the products and services they sell. They create brand experiences for consumers. (Answer: True; p. 7; Moderate)101. Marketing management is interested in serving all customers in every way to remain competitive in today’s markets. (Answer: False; p. 9; Moderate)102. At times it becomes necessary to reduce demand for some products and services. When the government tries to reduce smoking of tobacco products, it ad ds more tax to the products and is practicing demarketing. Answer: True; p. 9; Easy)103. Amy’s law office has developed a new format and wording for wills. The staff believes they offer the most in quality, performance, and innovative features. Her law office is practicing the production concept. (Answer: False; p. 10; Moderate)104. The selling concept holds that consumers will not buy enough of the firm’s products unless it undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort. (Answer: True; p. 10; Easy)105. The major difference between customer-driving marketing and customer-driven marketing is that the former considers only existing needs. Answer: False; p. 11; Easy) Essay106. Explain the five marketplace concepts. The core marketplace concepts are: needs, wants, and demands; marketing offers; value and satisfaction; exchanges, transactions, and relationships; and markets. Addressing customer needs and want is at the very heart of the marketing concept. The four el ements of the marketing mix help firms meet the challenges of value creation, customer satisfaction, and to establish meaningful and profitable relationships. (p. 6; Moderate)107. Explain how marketers create brand experiences beyond selling products/services. Strategic thinking underlies creating meaningful and purposeful experiences and relationships for customers. In creating brand experiences, marketers have successfully demonstrated that to differentiate their offer from their competitors, they have to connect with their customers at various levels. (p. 7; Moderate)108. Compare the selling and marketing concepts under which organizations carry out their marketing strategies. List the key components of each philosophy. The selling concept reflects an inside-out philosophy and the marketing concept takes an outside-in perspective. The selling concept is practiced when firms face overcapacity. When consumers do not buy enough products on their own, companies coerce them into buyin g more by undertaking a large-scale selling and promotion effort. The marketing concept, on the other hand, is a three-pronged philosophy based upon: satisfaction of customer needs and wants, integration of resources both within and outside the firm,, and profit maximization. (p. 10; Easy)109. What is the societal marketing concept? Explain. According to this concept, firms today and in the future will survive if they take underlying consumer needs and society’s well being into account over the long term. In setting their marketing strategies, marketers today need to balance company profits, consumer wants, and society’s interests. From day one, when marketing decisions are made, firms need to put people and society before profits. (p. 11; Easy)110. One of the major developments in marketing can be summed up on one buzzword: relationships. Define customer relationship management and its associated strategies for building long-term relationships. Customer Relationship M anagement (CRM) is the process of building and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction.Companies develop customer relationships with target markets at multiple levels. The most basic form of a relationship for mass-marketed products/services is through a Web site, sales promotion offer, or a 1-800 customer-response number. At the other end of the spectrum, companies like Amazon. com create full partnerships with key customers. Other marketers work closely with retailers, for example. Some marketers use tools such as financial benefits like rewards based on frequency of purchase. Other tools include social benefits, like offering key customers the opportunity to network and create communities.Another approach adds structural ties to the aforementioned financial and social benefits. Hence, to retain current customers and remain profitable, companies today are going beyond transactional marketing to customer relationship mana gement. The key is to create and sustain relationships for the long term. (p. 14; Moderate)111. The aim of customer relationship management is to create not just customer satisfaction, but customer delight. Explain. Customer satisfaction cannot be taken for granted. Because brand loyalty is dependent upon strong customer satisfaction, companies strive to retain current customers.Losing a customer once might mean losing the customer for life. Firms like Taco Bell and Home Depot, for example, look at a stream of purchases a customer is likely to make over his/her lifetime. Therefore each sale is critical to the long-term success of a relationship. Because the ultimate aim of customer lifetime value is to create share of customer, firms today create customer delight by over delivering and creating emotional relationships with key customers. (p. 15; Moderate)112. Define customer equity. Customer equity is the sum of the lifetime values of all the company’s customers. Customer equ ity is dependent upon customer loyalty by a firm’s profitable customers. Because customer equity is a reflection of a company’s future, companies must manage it carefully. (p. 21; Easy)113. Explain how the Internet has transformed the way in which we do business today. The Internet links individuals and businesses of all types to each other. â€Å"Bricks and Mortar† companies of the past are now â€Å"clicks and mortar† companies today. Manufacturing firms today are linked to their suppliers and customers to build closer relationships. The Internet allows firms access to exciting new marketspaces. The Internet has spawned an entirely new breed of â€Å"click only† companies—the so-called â€Å"dot-coms. † The post-Internet frenzy of the late 1990s has introduced companies that are both savvy and face promising futures. (p. 26; Easy)114. Describe the impact of globalization on marketing today. Marketers everywhere have been surrounded by global competition for over two decades now. Regional trade agreements, such as NAFTA, have transformed competition and economic cooperation today. Geographical and cultural distances, in addition, have shrunk with the advent of technology, the Internet and new product introduction. Domestic firms in countries such as India have had to contend and compete with U. S. multinational firms for market share, revenues, and profits. Firms worldwide are sourcing their products from different corners of the globe. (p. 26; Moderate)115. Analyze the major challenges facing marketers heading into the new â€Å"connected† millennium. Marketers must connect faster and better with customers. The latest technologies must be used to ensure delivery of time-based competition. Web sites and e-commerce must be fine-tuned to connect with more carefully selected customers.Many companies are connecting directly with customers to customize their mix of products and services. Partnership relations hip and supply chain management must be built with strategic alliances to make those domestic and global challenges. (p. 28; Moderate)APPLICATION CONTENT: Multiple-Choice Questions116. Shawn McCork has an interesting job. He is involved in getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. What is Shawn’s job? a. General manager. b. Supervisor. c. Marketing manager. d. Sales manager. e. Top manager. (Answer: c; p. ; Challenging)117. The marketing manager at Sunshine Car Washes is holding a training session for new employees. She stresses that perhaps the most important concept of modern marketing is _____. a. customer relationship management b. e-mail advertising c. a quality Web site d. properly trained sales people e. low prices (Answer: a; p. 9; Moderate)118. Greg Williams now has the buying power to purchase the computer system he has wanted for the last six months. Greg’s want now has become a _____. a. need b. necessity c. demand d. satisfier e. none of the above (Answer: c; p. 7; Easy)119. After surveying all 3,500 customers by e-mail, Best Value Stores learned that its customers favor high quality, performance, and innovative features. Best Value’s customers were surveyed about _____. a. product concept b. production concept c. customer satisfaction d. marketing concept e. promotion concept (Answer: a; p. 10; Challenging)120. Jolene’s firm believes that consumers will not buy enough of the firm’s products unless the firm undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort. Jolene’s firm is practicing the _____. a. production concept b. marketing concept c. selling concept d. relationship concept . social advertising campaign (Answer: c; p. 10; Easy)121. Jonathan Nash works in sales for a telemarketing firm. His firm uses the selling concept, which take a(n) _____ approach. a. outside-in b. myopic c. inside-out d. marketing concept e. customer servi ce (Answer: c; p. 11; Easy)122. Marie Ortiz enjoys her work at Futuristic Designs, Inc. Her organization understands customer needs even better than customers themselves do and creates products and services that will meet existing and latent needs, now and in the future. Marie’s firm practices _____ marketing. a. customer-driven b. customer-driving c. elationship d. donor e. none of the above (Answer: b; p. 11; Challenging)123. You find yourself in a new job. Your marketing manager is heavily involved in the process of building and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction. Your manager is concerned with which one of the following? a. Database management. b. Web site hits. c. Relationship management. d. Donor marketing. e. Customer relationship management. (Answer: e; p. 14; Moderate)124. Tommy Gray attempts to deliver customer satisfaction every day in his Audio Expressions installation business. He is a smart operat or who knows that the key to this goal is to match _____ with _____. a. customer expectations; competitive prices b. company performance; competition c. customer expectations; company performance d. company performance; unique products e. relationship building; promotional tools (Answer: c; p. 14; Moderate)125. You have just read a report that alarms you. According to the American Customer Satisfaction Index, which of the following conditions exists relative to overall customer satisfaction with U. S. manufacturing and service industries? a. It has increased slightly. b. It has increased very much. c. It has remained steady. d. It has decreased slightly. e. It has decreased dramatically. (Answer: d; p. 20; Easy)126. Shania works hard with her Internet customers to create an emotional relationship for her customers with the products and services that she and her staff sell. She and her staff have created _____ by going beyond the expected. a. customer delight b. customer satisfaction c. customer equity d. customer value e. customer loyalty (Answer: a; p. 14; Challenging)127. Karrie Romanov wants to capture the full essence of customer relationship management. Which of the following will Karrie take into consideration? a. Own the customers for life. b. Capture their lifetime value. c. Building overall customer equity. d. All of the above. e. None of the above. (Answer: d; p. 14; Moderate)128. Some firms find themselves in markets with many low-margin customers. As assistant marketing director, what type of relationship would you develop with these customers? a. Full partnerships. b. Basic relationships. c. Relationship marketing. d. Key customer marketing. e. Lifetime value. (Answer: b; p. 15; Moderate)129. You have just read a report in a leading business magazine. It stated that the major marketing developments as we enter the new millennium can be summed up in what single theme? a. Relationship marketing. b. Connecting. c. Partnering. d. Networking. e. Custom er equity. (Answer: b; p. 23; Challenging)130. You have just been told by your supervisor at work that a new economy has emerged. What is the technology behind this new force? a. The Internet. b. Web sites. c. Voice mail. d. Cell phones. e. Simultaneous engineering. (Answer: a; p. 26; Easy)131. Pete Sanchez has just realized something that he needs to tell his marketing manager at work. Pete knows that today few firms still practice rue _____. a. production orientation b. sales orientation c. mass marketing d. quality orientation e. marketing segmenting (Answer: c; p. 16; Moderate)132. Suzie Chan strengthens her company’s connections with partners all along the supply chain. What type of management is she using? a. Outside partnering. b. Supplier connecting. c. Mentoring. d. Supply chain. e. Channeling. (Answer: d; p. 19; Easy)133. ABC Corporation realizes that they need partners to go beyond supply chain management. What do we call this association? a. Strategic alliances. b . strategic planning. c. Partnering. d. Mutual reciprocity. e. Reengineering. Answer: a; p. 19; Moderate)134. Sally purchased Brand X lotion. In analyzing the product’s perceived performance against her expectations, Sally was measuring her level of _____. a. customer perceived value b. customer satisfaction c. exchange d. demand e. customer lifetime value (Answer: b; p. 14; Moderate)135. Members of the sales team at Dekko International visit only prospective customers who purchase a minimum of $50,000 of insulated wire per year. Dekko is using _____. a. selective relationship management b. a frequency marketing program c. a club marketing program d. demarketing e. a value proposition (Answer: a; p. 6; Easy) Short Answer136. What is the twofold goal of marketing? The twofold goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior value and to keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction. (p. 5; Easy)137. Culture and individual personality shape human needs into wants. What transforms wants into demands? Wants become demands when backed by purchasing power. (p. 6; Moderate)138. How might a seller avoid marketing myopia? Sellers should consider the particular benefits and experiences produced by their products, not just pay attention to the specific products they offer. (p. 7; Moderate)139. How might a manufacturer of tents and camping equipment, for example, create brand experiences for consumers? Such manufacturers might produce tents, sleeping bags, cooking equipment, and so forth that allow consumers to benefit from the numerous products available to campers. (p. 7; Easy)140. The main elements of a modern marketing system relies on profitable relationships all along the way. Considering this, what might Wal-Mart rely on in order to offer low prices? Wal-Mart must rely on suppliers that will provide merchandise at low costs. (p. 8; Moderate)141. How might a marketer define its value proposition? In considering its value propos ition, a marketer will look at how the firm can best serve the customers and how it can differentiate itself in the marketplace. (p. 9; Easy)142. When demand for Beanie Babies was at its highest, manufacturers purposefully maintained strong demand by limiting supply that drove price up. Explain how such manufacturers were not carrying out the production concept. The production concept holds that consumers favor products that are available and affordable. With this concept, manufacturers work to increase production and improve manufacturing efficiency. (p. 10; Challenging)143. Company X carries a vast surplus of office supplies; thus, the company follows the selling concept. Explain how customer relationships may be lost in the process. The company’s aim is to sell the supplies rather than make what the market wants; such a strategy creates sales transactions but not long-term relationships. (p. 10; Challenging)144. Many companies, such as Southwest Airlines, take an outside-i n perspective. How do such companies address their customers’ desires? Outside-in companies are customer driven; they find the right products for their customers rather than the right customers for their products. (p. 11; Moderate)145. A nineteenth-century street vendor in London sang, â€Å"Who will buy my fresh, red roses? † Did the vendor take an outside-in or inside-out perspective? Explain. The vendor’s approach was inside-out. The roses were picked and available. The vendor’s job was then to attract willing buyers. (p. 11; Challenging)146. When a vendor has product available and needs to find customers who are willing to buy, is a production concept, product concept, or selling concept being practiced? Explain. A selling concept is used when the vendor has available product and needs to find customers who are willing to buy. (p. 10; Moderate)147. Explain why electronics and pharmaceuticals manufacturers may use customer-driving marketing. In such in dustries, consumers do not know exactly what new products are available; therefore, consumers rely on such firms to tell them what they need. (p. 11; Moderate)148. Company ABC implements its marketing strategy through a well-defined marketing mix. What elements are being addressed in the marketing mix? Company ABC has created a marketing offer (product), determined a selling price, decided how to distribute (place) the offer, and communicated with the target customer about the offer (promotion). (p. 13; Easy)149. Explain how storing customer information in a database might better prepare Saturn in customer relationship management (CRM). Managing detailed information about customers may allow Saturn to design new models around customer demographics and desires for specific features. These â€Å"touchpoints† can be the key to long-term customer loyalty. (p. 14; Moderate)150. What determines whether sellers create basic relationships or full partnerships with customers? A compan y with many low-margin customers develops basic relationships; a company with just a few high-margin customers relies on full partnerships. (p. 15; Challenging)151. Explain how a supermarket owner might consider customer lifetime value when a disgruntled customer leaves the store dissatisfied. The owner may view the situation as a $50,000 loss if, for example, each customer spends about $100 per week, shops 50 weeks per year, and remains in the area for about 10 years. Customer lifetime value includes the long-term value of the customer. (p. 20; Easy)152. How can a marketer increase â€Å"share of customer†? The marketer can offer greater variety to customers; in addition, the marketer can train employees to cross-sell and up-sell in order to market more products and services to existing customers. p. 21; Easy)153. In classifying customers into relationship groups, explain what marketers can expect from â€Å"butterflies. † â€Å"Butterflies† are profitable but not loyal. Marketers should enjoy â€Å"butterflies† â€Å"for the moment† because they soon flutter off. Marketers should create profitable and satisfying transactions with â€Å"butterflies,† then cease investing in them until the next time around. (p. 23; Moderate)154. If a firm practices â€Å"caring capitalism† in its social responsibility efforts, as does Ben & Jerry’s and Saturn, where does the firm place its focus? Such firms distinguish themselves by being more civic-minded and caring; they may build social responsibility into their company value and mission statements. (p. 28; Challenging)155. How is marketing being applied in the not-for-profit sector? Firms in the not-for-profit sector use marketing to enhance their images, to encourage donor marketing to attract memberships and donors, and to design social marketing campaigns to encourage specific causes. (p. 28; Moderate) Scenario Carol Veldt, owner of Seagull Terrace, watched her inv estment grow from a small, seaside motel to a thriving year-round resort in just a few years.Atop a bluff overlooking the Maine coast, Seagull Terrace had attracted thousands of visits during the summer months, but then faced a tremendous downturn in business during the winter months. â€Å"But, given the industry in the nearby towns, very little year-round competition, and our close proximity to Portland,† Carol added, â€Å"I couldn’t understand why seasonality had to hit Seagull Terrace so hard! † So Carol spent her first winter devising a new marketing plan. She put together a promotional package designed to attract business travelers year-round.Carol’s plan, then, involved a seasonal promotional gimmick—to be implemented from late winter to late spring—that would attract the large summer crowd. Her idea worked! During her second winter, Carol greeted numerous business travelers—both satisfied repeat guests as well as new guests w ho had been snagged by her promotional appeals. â€Å"We still have a long way to go,† Carol Veldt admitted. â€Å"Our delicatessen offers delicious entrees, but we’d like to expand that. We provide health club privileges off-site, but we’d like to eventually provide our own. These are goals I hope to achieve in a few years.Our first project, however, included a renovation of our guest rooms and I’m quite proud of the results. † Carol then added, â€Å"Actually there are so many possibilities! With an indoor pool area, I will eventually offer weekend get-aways throughout winter. †156. Based on the marketing process, what are Carol Veldt’s strengths? Carol was able to understand her customers’ needs and wants. She was able to deliver superior value through her marketing program, which created customer delight. (p. 6; Easy)157. What is included in the marketing offering at Seagull Terrace? Seagull Terrace provides activities and amenities that make a night’s stay more satisfying; these various activities and amenities are sought by two targeted groups— seasonal visitors and year-round business travelers. (p. 7; Moderate)158. How is Carol Veldt attempting to create brand experiences for her visitors? Carol is attempting to include numerous services and amenities for her visitors. Eventually, everything the visitors want or need will be offered at Seagull Terrace. (p. 7; Moderate)159. How has Carol Veldt taken on the role of marketing manager? Carol is attempting to find, attract, keep, and grow target customers by creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. (p. 8; Moderate)160. Define the target market at Seagull Terrace. Two types of guest are being lured: seasonal visitors during the summer and year-round business travelers. (p. 9; Easy)161. In what ways might Carol Veldt be implementing the product concept? Carol understands that guests will favor services that offer the most in quality and innovative features; Carol’s strategy currently focuses on making continuous improvements. (p. 10; Challenging)162. In what ways might Carol Veldt be implementing the selling concept? Carol understands that the success of Seagull Terrace, as she views it, requires a large-scale promotional effort. (p. 10; Challenging)163. How might the marketing mix at Seagull Terrace differ between its two target markets? Business travelers may be offered a discount business rate; obviously, the promotional tactic will differ for these guests. Summer guests may pay higher rates, but the beauty of Maine’s coast and the beach, as well as Seagull Terrace’s variety of services, will be the main attractions. (p. 3; Easy)164. How will Carol Veldt guarantee customer satisfaction? Carol will attempt to create services and amenities that exceed buyer expectations. (p. 14; Easy)165. Explain how Carol Veldt is engaging in partner relationship management. Explain how t his could be enhanced. Guests at Seagull Terrace currently receive health club privileges at a nearby health facility. Guests during the summer could receive sailboat rentals through such arrangements; year-round business travelers could be given meal discounts at local restaurants, dry cleaning services, and so forth. (p. 19; Challenging)